The Effects Of Dehydration And Rapidly Consuming Water Biology Essay

The Effects Of Dehydration And Rapidly Consuming Water Biology Essay Blood pressure measures the pressure applied against the inner walls of arteries, it differs throughout the body and is controlled by the contraction of the heart and can vary from person to person based upon their age, weight, and overall health. The two types of pressure are referred to as systolic pressure, when the ventricles contract and push blood through the body, and diastolic pressure, the ventricle fills with blood again. High blood pressure, when blood exerts a high amount of pressure because there is difficulty moving throughout the body, has proven to be an adverse health condition involving heart disease and stroke (www.freedrinkingwater.com 2009). Dehydration demonstrates a relationship with higher blood pressure and is referred to as essential hypertension (Insel et al. 2010). There is a steady rise in blood pressure that indicates a shortening supply of water and the blood vessels react accordingly. Lumen or the tiny holes in the blood vessels are able to adapt, open and close, in response to the amount of blood. Studies have shown that only 8% of the insufficient water intake affects the volume of blood directly compared to the 66% imposed on the volume water in certain cells (Batmanghelidj 2003). However, the circulatory system shrinks by closing the lumen throughout the blood vessels. First, in the peripheral capillaries and eventually the larger vessels constrict in order to try and maintain full blood vessels. This gives a rise to tension or pressure throughout the blood vessels and a higher blood pressure overall (Batmanghelidj 2003). There are other studies that show the importance of water balance and the key role of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Purves et al. 2006). Water is such an essential part of the human body that there are specialized cells in the brain that detect the elevated sodium levels within the body and signal the pituitary gland to release ADH to indicate to the kidney that it should conserve water (Insel et al. 2010). This conserves blood volume and maintains blood pressure. When there are low levels of ADH not as much water is absorbed and dilute urine is produced. Water retention and intake dilutes the blood and expands blood volume. (Purves et al. 2006) My experiment is to test the rapid consumption of water and the effects on blood pressure. My hypothesis is that the consumption of water will cause my blood pressure to drop because it will add to the fluidity of my blood and make is easier to pass through the arteries and the heart rate will drop because of the less pressure. The null hypothesis would be that the consumption of water would take no effect on blood pressure or cause a rise in blood pressure and heart rate. As the previous background information has shown, hydration can play a major role in high blood pressure and therefore adverse health. Materials and Methods: The first instrument to note would be the sphygmomanometer, a device used to measure blood pressure. Before we drank the water we had to place the sphygmomanometer on correctly and take our basal blood pressure. We had all been in a resting position for around 2 hours, this qualified as enough time to take our initial basal blood pressures. To obtain accurate results the sphygmomanometer must be placed correctly over the brachial artery and pumped to around 150 mm Hg. The average of class was obtained by adding up all the systolic pressures and dividing by 26, the number of students conducting the test and the same was performed for the diastolic pressures. The first average basal blood pressure for the class was 104/70, the second 110/71 and the third was 107/70. The sphygmomanometer also displays the heart rate of the person using it. The classs average basal heart rates were 77, 79 and 78 (beats per minute). Once the initial readings were complete the water was prepared to be cons umed. The temperature of the water varied because there were students that had water bottles sitting out a room temperature for at least 2 hours while others had to fill them from the water fountain, which is chilled. Usually using a nalgene, 24 fl. oz of water were prepared to be consumed. It can be assumed that most people in the classroom were slightly, if not significantly dehydrated because we had not drunk any water for at least 2 hours. The sphygmomanometer was prepared as before on the first partner, the water was rapidly consumed and the blood pressure and pulse was taken immediately after they were finished drinking. There was a 3 minute break between the next blood pressure reading so the other partner has the sphygmomanometer placed on their brachial artery and consumes the same amount of water and has their blood pressure and pulse was taken. The sphygmomanometer was traded between the two partners every three minutes to record the different blood pressures and pulse for the next 12 minutes. The average blood pressures for the corresponding 3 minute intervals were 120/79, 114/68, 111/71, 117/77, and 114/72. The average heart rates were 71, 70, 69, 71, and 71 likewise. The independent variable was the amount of water consumed while the dependent variable was the blood pressure and pulse because it was what we were testing for. The constants for this experiment were time, the environment we were all in and the fact that water was consumed. This experiment was also paired because the same group of people that performed the basal readings conducted the rest of the experiment as well. There were 13 groups of two throughout the class and the same experiment was replicated in each pair. Statistics: Figure 1: Range of Basal Heart Rate 60 bpm Range of 0 min Heart Rate 75 bpm Range of 3 min Heart Rate 54 bpm Range of 6 min Heart Rate 54 bpm Range of 9 min Heart Rate 76 bpm Range of 12 min Heart Rate 58 bpm Table 1 Data Range: Figure 2: Range of Diastolic Data: Range of Systolic Data: Range of Basal Systolic 68 mm Hg Range of 0 min Systolic 84 mm Hg Range of 3 min Systolic 59 mm Hg Range of 6 min Systolic 53 mm Hg Range of 9 min Systolic 62 mm Hg Range of 12 min Systolic 49 mm Hg Range of Basal Diastolic 58 mm Hg Range of 0 min Diastolic 79 mm Hg Range of 3 min Diastolic 60 mm Hg Range of 6 min Diastolic 52 mm Hg Range of 9 min Diastolic 77 mm Hg Range of 12 min Diastolic 52 mm Hg Table 2 Table 3 T-Test with Averages: Table 4 Results: This experiment tested the results of rapidly drinking water when dehydrated on heart rate and blood pressure of subject. The results for the average heart rate seem to demonstrate that the pulse does not change very much with the consumption of water. As for the systolic and diastolic pressures, there are some changes after the water is consumed. There appears to be a spike in the systolic pressure around the 0 minute mark and then it decreases to about average again. The diastolic pressure is much more similar to the heart rate because it is relatively consistent to the average, no drastic changes. The t-test is much more than .05 and shows that the chance these results were random is very high. The ranges of each data set display the differences between each array of data. Discussion: My hypothesis states: that the consumption of water will cause the blood pressure and heart rate to drop. My prediction is that the water will add to the fluidity of my blood and make it easier to travel through the arteries and relieve pressure. My results did not support my hypothesis because there was an initial rise in systolic pressure after the water was consumed. The pressure never dropped significantly below the basal readings and therefore my hypothesis was not supported and the null hypothesis tested correctly. If you look at the t-test table (table 4) the p-values were very high, much higher than .05, and this shows that the results had a very high chance of being random. My new hypothesis would be the consumption of water will cause my blood pressure to rise. The reasoning behind this thought is that the water adds to the mass of blood flowing throughout the body and therefore, creates more pressure on the walls of the arteries and yields a higher pressure than before. On ce the water is evened out throughout the body the pressure decreases to around the basal readings. One of the most obvious errors about this lab was the gathering of information from the class. Time is always a constraint on lab work and we ran out of time before we could gather all our information together right after the experiment. Instead, our TA had to collect all the data and put it on a spread sheet. I believe there may have been some communication issues because there are parts of the data that are considered instrumental error and there are no numbers for calculations. The other error that I noticed was the temperature of the water because we didnt actually see if everybodys water was the same temperature or not. On that note, the amount of water also varied at times because not everybody was able to measure out 24 fl. Oz with a nalgene and had to estimate. Looking at previously published work there is evidence that dehydration and hypotension (low-blood pressure) seem to go hand in hand (Weed 1999). Therefore, when hydrated the blood pressure will rise. This is the exact opposite of what I stated in my hypothesis because I thought that addition of water would lower the blood pressure. Heart rate is also low during dehydration but is more variable if it will change during re-hydration or not (Montain and Coyle 1992). Once again, this is the exact opposite of what I predicted in my hypothesis. It appears that most previously printed work does not support my hypothesis. As I mentioned earlier the largest weaknesses I noticed in this experiment were time, communication between TA and student, volume and temperature of water. I would suggest that more time is set aside for the collection and processing of data stage in the experiment so that the entire class is able to get the full amount of information there instead of having the TA email everybody for their results and then making a spreadsheet. The experiment can also be better prepared with pre-measured cups of water with thermometers so the temperature and volume can be more consistent. My conclusion to this experiment is that dehydration does have an effect on blood pressure, it causes it to rise. The water adds to the pressure against the walls of the arteries. There appears to be no direct effect on the actual heart rate after the water is consumed. Literature Cited: Batmanghelidj, F. 2003. Water: For Health, for Healing, for Life Youre Not Sick, Youre Thirsty! New York: Warner Books. p 93-100. Health information- water alleviate symptoms High blood pressure /Cholesterol. Drinking Water Filters- Reverse Osmosis Water Purifiers Water Softeners. Web. 01 Feb. 2010. . Insel et al. 2010. Discovering Nutrition. London: Jones and Bartlett International. p. 400-403 Purves et al. 2003. Life The Science of Biology. 7th Edition. New York: Sinauer Associates and W. H. Freeman. p. 216-221 Montain SJ, Coyle FH. 1992. Influence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology Weed L, Weed L. 1999. Changing the Doctor-Patient Relationship. BMJ Weedman D, Sokoloski E. 2009. Biology of Organisms: Laboratory Manuel. Ohio: Cengage Learning. P. 170-183

Anthem †Ayn Rand Essay

In the book Anthem, Equality 7-2521 (Equality) lived in a society where everyone was equal and treated with disrespect. The society had no tolerance for being different and having their own opinion and ideas. People couldn’t even pursue the career they dreamed of having. They were punished for disobeying any of these â€Å"rules†. Despite Equality’s strict society, his motivations in conducting his experiments are finding individuality, starting a new revolution, finding freedom, and trying to become a scholar. Equality’s inspiration, will, and determination lead him to spark a new revolution. After Equality found the black hole, he kept habitually going back to it, to discover new things and gain intelligence. He was finding more about himself and discovering that everyone was not the same and not everyone has the same talents in life. Even though it was against the government’s expectations about everyone being equal, Equality was happy to break the law, so he could learn more. Equality says, â€Å"And yet there is no shame in us and no regret. We say to ourselves that we are a wretch and a traitor. But we feel no burden upon our spirit and no burden upon our spirit and no fear in our heart.† (Rand 37) Equality was curious. He wanted to find out about the unknown. By showing his invention, he would spark a new revolution of light. He would inspire people to create and learn. True joy comes from what a man can do with inspiration, desire, will, to better people, and while doing that Equality learns that it will allow him to achieve more in society. Equality wanted to accomplish something by himself and prove that not everyone meets the expectations of their job. In other words that’s saying that just because you come from a poor family, doesn’t mean you’re going to be poor when you become an adult. Anyone can achieve what they set their mind to, and Equality made up his mind, he wanted to be different and he wasn’t going to give up. When Equality discovered his invention he wanted to prove the scholars wrong and to prove to them that not everything had been discovered. Equality says, â€Å"The Council of Scholars has said that we all know the things which exist and therefore the things which are not known by all do not exist. But we think that the Council of Scholars is blind. The secrets of this earth are not for all men to see, but only for those who will seek them. We know, for we have found a secret unknown to all our  brothers.† (Rand, 52) He just wanted to prove that he was smart enough to be a scholar. His invention proved that anyone can do great things and his brother’s look up to him. Equality only knows what he is capable of not â€Å"we†. Throughout the process of his invention, going to the Palace of Corrective Detention, going before the Council of Scholars, and running away, Equality has found his individuality. After he ran away, and found his new house, he came across the word â€Å"I† in the manuscripts, and he has started a new way of living. Equality says, â€Å"Then I called the Golden One, and I told her what I had read and what I learned. She looked at me and the first words she spoke were: â€Å"I love you.†Ã¢â‚¬ (Rand, 98) Equality is determined, strong, motivated, and won’t let anyone bring him down. â€Å"Then, tonight, we knew that we must escape. For tomorrow the World Council of Scholars is to meet in our city.† (Rand, 66), say’s Equality. Equality has realized how different he is than others. He is smarter than the Council and the Scholars. He knows now he can teach others about electricity. He can help people find individuality and help them find out how they’re unique. Joy comes from his heart because he has never done anything on his own and now he can achieve more expectations that just any street sweeper. Throughout the book, Equality goes against the government because he is searching for freedom. In the book, Equality talks about wanting to see himself but that is against the law, when he runs away, he finally seems himself. Equality wants to see his own image because, his entire life he has never seen it, and he has only seen the faces of his brothers. Equality sees his own face for the first time and says, â€Å"We sat still and we held our breath. For our face and our body were beautiful. Our face was not like the faces of our brothers, for we felt no pity when looking upon it. Our body was not like the bodies of our brothers, for our limbs were straight and thin and hard and strong. And we thought that we could trust this being who looked upon us from the stream, and that we had nothing to fear with this being.† (Rand, 80) Now that he is thinking for himself he wants to know more about himself. He never received the chance to find out what kind of person he was when he was young, so now that he is older he wants to know more about himself. He falls in love with Liberty the first time he sees her, and in their society they’re not supposed to take notice of the opposite gender.  Equality whispers, â€Å"For men are forbidden to take notice of women, and women are forbidden to take notice of men. But we think of one among women, they whose name is Liberty, and we think of no others.† (Rand, 38) When Equality and Liberty both run away they can finally be together, and start their family. Equality wanted Liberty, so he found a way, and got her. When Equality finally finds freedom, on the first day in the forest, he says, â€Å"We awake when a ray of sunlight fell across our face. We wanted to leap to our feet, as we have had to leap every morning of our life, but we remembered suddenly that no bell had rung and that there was no bell to ring anywhere. We lay on our back, we threw our arms out, and we looked up at the sky. The leaves had edges of silver that trembled and rippled like a river of green and fire flowing high above us.† (Rand, 78) Equality was free. In conclusion, Equality’s self-determination and perseverance allowed him to conduct his experiments without anyone telling him otherwise. Even though he had tough obstacles to climb over to have his invention, he didn’t let anything stop him. The Council of Scholars was his biggest challenge with his experiment and he overcame them. The biggest part of Equality conducting experiments was finding individuality within himself. He knew that people should not be treated the exact same and everyone had a mind of their own. Equality’s self-respect and determination paved the way to a life of his own.

Vegetarianism A Good Choice For You - 966 Words

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Our body takes in this food, uses cellular respiration to break it down into ATP molecules in order to give us the energy that we need in order to survive B. According to Carolyn Denton from the University of Minnesota, â€Å"If we get too much food, or food that gives our bodies the wrong instructions we can become overweight, undernourished, and at risk for the development of diseases and conditions, such as arthritis, diabetes and heart disease†(Denton). 1. From the poll that I took at the beginning of my speech, not many of us here want to beShow MoreRelatedVegetarianism for Dummies Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesThey say, â€Å"You are what you eat† and if making good food choices makes you a healthier and happier person, why are healthy food trends seemingly misunderstood and becoming a thing of the past? This semester I will be researching the advantages of choosing to obtain a vegetarian lifestyle and why some individuals are making arguments that are extremely against the practice. 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The Friedman Doctrine And Social Responsibility - 1276 Words

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Antigone Vs. Socrates Essay examples - 664 Words

Antigone vs. Socrates In the plays Antigone and the Crito the two lead characters, Antigone and Socrates, showed completely different ideas regarding their responsibilities to the State. Antigone believes in divine law and does what she thinks that the Gods would want her to do. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that he owes it to the State to follow their laws whether he thinks they are right or not. In Antigone, her brother Polynices, turned against his own city by attacking his own brother just so he could become king. On this day, both brothers died. One, Eteocles, was given funeral honors, but the other, Polynices, was not. This decision was made by Creon, Antigoneamp;#8217;s uncle and the current King of Thebes. Creon said†¦show more content†¦It is clear that Antigone follows divine law and has little respect for the laws of the State. In the Crito, Socrates is approached by his life-long friend Crito while in prison awaiting execution. Crito used many different ways to attempt to persuade Socrates to escape. The best argument Crito uses is that he says Socrates would be betraying his children if he were to stay in prison. He says that Socrates should bring them up and educate them, not leave them. Socrates, contrary to what Crito says, feels that he has an implied contract with the State. He believes that his family staying in Athens and raising him there was the greatest compliment they could have given him, so he feels that he owes it to the State to accept its laws and to remain a willing partner to the State. Socratesamp;#8217; feelings were summed up on page 64 when he says: amp;#8220;If the state leads us to wounds or death in battle, we follow as is right; no one can yield or leave his rank, but whether in battle or in a court of law, or in any other place, he must do what his city and his country order himamp;#8230;if he may do no violence to his father or mother, much less may he do violence to his country.; (Pg. 64) By this quote, he means that a man must do what the State tells him to do and should back the State in all of the Stateamp;#8217;s endeavors. Personally, I am torn between the two ideas. I believe that the State usually makesShow MoreRelatedAntigone vs. Socrates Essay examples681 Words   |  3 PagesAntigone vs. Socrates In the plays Antigone and the Crito the two lead characters, Antigone and Socrates, showed completely different ideas regarding their responsibilities to the State. Antigone believes in divine law and does what she thinks that the Gods would want her to do. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that he owes it to the State to follow their laws whether he thinks they are right or not. In Antigone, her brother Polynices, turned against his own city by attacking his ownRead MoreSocrates Sides with Creon or a1379 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates#8217; Sides With? Through my reading of Plato#8217;s Apology of Socrates and Crito, I have been able to see how Socrates makes important decisions and what he primarily bases his decisions on. As a individual person we have individual morals which lead us to our own moral or immoral decisions. Sometimes are own morals or beliefs might oppose the views of the state or the enforced law that clams to find justice. In this case we rely on our own beliefs that may be through passedRead MoreEssay Platos Apology of Socrates and Crito1326 Words   |  6 Pages Socrates Sides With? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through my reading of Platos Apology of Socrates and Crito, I have been able to see how Socrates makes important decisions and what he primarily bases his decisions on. As a individual person we have individual morals which lead us to our own moral or immoral decisions. Sometimes are own morals or beliefs might oppose the views of the state or the enforced law that clams to find justice. In this case we rely on our own beliefs that may be throughRead MoreAn Ideal Hero: Greek vs. Roman Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagescultural propaganda. Greek Heros= models of courage skill to men (what to be) women (what to look for- sense of security). a. Dominant Theme: warrior code of personal honor and glory b. Contrasting themes: Family principle, simple country life vs. war, admiration of enemies. 5. Literary works by Homer Blind poet Homer - represents the culmination of a long and vigorous tradition in which oral recitation—possibly to instrumental accompaniment—was a popular kind of entertainment.

Story of Medusa and Athena Free Essays

Story of Medusa and Athena A long time ago, Once upon a time there was this beautiful Professor by the name of Harris. Harris stayed in the country by the name of Greece in the city of Athens. Professor Harris was considered the most lovely looking girl within a city full of pretty looking girls. We will write a custom essay sample on Story of Medusa and Athena or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harris was exceedingly proud of her beauty, unfortunately and rarely talk or thought about anything else. Every day she would brag about how beautiful she is and how pretty she looks. Day after day her bragging became more and more out of hand. On one, Sunday, Professor Harris bragged to her friends about how her looks were better looking than the snow that has freshly fallen on the ground and trees. Monday, she was talking to the cobbler and told him that the sun was not as bright as her golden hair which glowed. On Tuesday, the son of the black smith overheard the commented made by her about the Aegean Sea and her eyes. Harris thinks her eyes are greener then the sea. By Wednesday, she was at again with her boasting, but this time it was not to one or even two but everyone at the public gardens. She told the public that the reddest of red roses does not have anything on her red lips. When Harris was not too busy sharing with everyone she came in contact with her thoughts on just how beautiful she is. Harris loved to gaze in the mirror at her lovely reflection. She would admired herself for hours each morning with her hand held mirror as she comb her hair. She would even admired herself in her darkened window each evening for hours as she got ready for bed. Professor Harris would even stopped every afternoon at the well to admire herself as she got her dad horses water. Forgetting often to fetch the water in her distraction. Professor Harris went on about how beautiful she was to everyone and anyone who would give her the time of day long enough to hear it from her. She went on and on until she made her first visit to the Parthenon one day with some friends. The Parthenon is where the largest temple for the goddess Athena in all the land. The Parthenon was decorated by the awesome painting and sculptures. The people who came to the Parthenon is awed by the beauty of the place. They could not keep from thinking of how grateful they were to Athena, which was known as the goddess of wisdom, for watching over their city of Athens and for inspiring them. Everyone, that is, except Harris. When Harris first saw the sculptures, she thought and said that i would have been a much better subject for this sculptor besides Athena. the artwork that she saw While she was there, made her comment to her freinds that the artist had done a superb job on the goddess bushy eyebrows considering they were not hers. harris could only imagine how much more astounding the painting have been if it was of someone as beautiful as professor Harris. And when Harris came to the altar Harris laugh happily and said, this is my gorgeous temple. This is a shame the temple was wasted on Athena, because i’m so much prettier than Athena is – perhaps may be some day people are to construct a grander temple to admire my beauty. the statement made by Harris made her friends turn green. Harris comments were overheard by the priestesses. The people began to Whispers throughout the whole temple and immediately the people began to exit the temple. the people that knew Athena. Knew that she loved watching over Athens Citizens and they became extremely afraid of what was going to happen after the goddess had overheard Harris rash remarks. Before long the temple was empty of everyone except Medusa, who was so busy gazing proudly at her reflection in the large bronze doors that she hadn’t noticed the swift departure of everyone else. Theimage she was gazing at wavered and suddenly, instead of her own features, it was the face of Athena that Medusa saw reflected back at her. â€Å"Vain and foolish girl,† Athena said angrily, â€Å"You think you are prettier than I am! I doubt it to be true, but even if it were — there is more to life than beauty alone. While others work and play and learn, you do little but boast and admire yourself. Medusa tried to point out that her beauty was an inspiration to those around her and that she made their lives better by simply looking so lovely, but Athena silenced her with a frustrated wavâ€Å"Nonsense,† Athena retorted, â€Å"Beauty fades swiftly in all mortals. It does not comfort the sick, teach the unskilled or feed the hungry. And by my powers, your lo veliness shall be stripped away completely. Your fate shall serve as a reminder to others to control their pride. †And with those words Medusa’s face changed to that of a hideous monster. Her hair twisted and thickened into horrible snakes that hissed and fought each other atop her head. â€Å"Medusa, for your pride this has been done. Your face is now so terrible to behold that the mere sight of it will turn a man to stone,† proclaimed the goddess, â€Å"Even you, Medusa, should you seek your reflection, shall turn to rock the instant you see your face. †And with that, Athena sent Medusa with her hair of snakes to live with the blind monsters — the gorgon sisters — at the ends of the earth, so that no innocents would be accidentally turned to stone at the sight of her. How to cite Story of Medusa and Athena, Essay examples

Plastic Pack Is Provided Various Companiesâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Plastic Pack Is Provided Various Companies? Answer: Introduction The basic business activity performed by Amcor Limited is the packaging of unique types of goods. From flexible to the inflexible plastic packaging is provided to various companies in order to provide them sustainable management of the companies products. Its headquarters is situated in Australia and for the growth and expansion purpose; they are planning for the expansion of the business. For the same purpose, Mexico is selected and in relevance, to the market situation of the Mexico, appropriate measures will be analyzed before adopting this place for the expansion. Under this report, all the realistic market entry options available in Mexico will be discussed in order to attain organizational goals and objectives. Apart from this, advantages and the disadvantages will also be discussed in relevance to select an adequate market entry option with a view of long run survival in the Mexico. As Amcor Limited is involved in the packaging field hence; the most appropriate way to reach th e success in the new market conditions will be setting up their business outlet nearby to the industrial area of the chosen market. This will help the industrialists to reach to Amcor Limited easily and the chances of getting contracts of packaging from the new market will be more. The activities performed by the Amcor Limited helps them to fall down in the B2B type of business market. Amcor Limited helps the other organizations, generally manufacturing organizations in packaging their finished goods through various types of packaging as required by the product or the organization. Summaries from Assignment In the first part of this assignment, market factors and the opportunities available in the Mexico were discussed in order to set up a unique position in the business environment of the particular place. Adequate risks and the opportunities were discussed with the help of competitive analysis, market analysis, and the organizational environmental analysis. This was performed with a view to understanding the organizational position adequately in the Mexico (Fletcher Crawford, 2013). Apart from these factors, Amcor Limited's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and the threat factors were discussed with various methodologies such as Porter's five forces, BCG matrix, and value chain analysis and through the SWOT analysis. While evaluating all these factors in relation with the Amcor Limited, it was analyzed that the legal system of rest world except the Mexico differs a lot (Kaufmann, Czinkota Zakrzewski, 2015). Various rules and regulations come along in the path while establishing their effective position in the Mexican market with a view to getting involved in the B2B type of organization. Apart from this, it was analyzed while developing the path to enter into Mexican market for performing the business functionalities; Mexico has the most attractive market across the globe in terms of expanding the business with a view to increasing the profitability of the organization. Along with these factors, management of the Amcor Limited performs the marketing mix functionality in order to attain maximized profits. While developing the international marketing plan for the Amcor Limited, it was analyzed that their number of organizations are available which are involved in the same process as Amcor is involved. In this industry, the main success motive is providing adequate qualitative packing. This assures the manufacturers in relevance to their products' safety. Price is a great factor which influences the customers. Hence, Amcor Limited has also analyzed the factor s relating to the price to set the price of their products as minimum as possible in order to attract a high number of consumers (Knight, 2015). Screening of Market Selection Screening of market selection involves the procedure to adapt the most appropriate and effective market for the Amcor Limited for achieving better results (Marchi, et. al., 2014). The basic motive for the expansion for Amcor Limited is to increase their profitability as well as to separate their unique identity in the global market. Below discussed aspects are the parts of the market selection process: Stages of Selection Process Global Marketing Objectives: This is the basic route to analyze an adequate way to reach to destination for expansion in the abroad countries. Evaluation of the marketing objectives allows the organization to evaluate the certain methods to enter into the country and in their market. Through performing this methodology, an organization is able to determine all the positive as well as negative resources which could benefit the organization or which could harm the organizational performance. The market needs to be selected after determining all marketing factors such as macro as well as micro environmental factors of the particular market. For instance, if Mexico does not believe in the production activities and they only believe in the export of goods than the demand of packaging material and the packaging organizations will be less. Hence, this could be a negative factor for the organization and this will impact organizational motive of expansion (Katsikeas, 2014). Factors of market selection: Before selecting the appropriate mode of entry or the appropriate market for performing the business activities for achieving the organizational objectives, it is necessary to set the parameters so that comparison could be done easily. The basic elements which are included in the selection process of market entry are internal and external factors of the business, macro as well as micro environmental factors, competition, legal parameters, resources available with the firm, etc. This helps the organization to determine the most appropriate market entry mode to for setting up the firms position in the international market as well as to determine the success factors involved in the selected market. Technology, Culture, Free markets, peace, economy, market demand, etc. are some of the aspects which should be included in the selection process in order to attain the adequate growth (Schu Morschett, 2017). Initial Screening: This action is performed at the time of selecting the potential markets for developing the adequate image in the market. Non-potential markets are disqualified at the initial step only in order to save the time of the organization. This eases the organizational process to select the adequate market to perform their functionalities. For performing this step, appropriate methods need to adopt such as measures for performing the screening needs to remain unchanged for every market. Markets could be measured on the basis of a size of the particular area, a population of that area, average income group people in that area, infrastructure of the area, political considerations, etc. All these factors become the part of the screening process (Armstrong, et. al., 2015). Shortlisting of a market: After performing the step of screening, the remaining markets needs to be evaluated again on the advanced measures in order to determine the benefits of the markets. These functionalities play very crucial role while selecting a market for the organization. While performing the screening process, advanced aspects will opt in order to achieve the expected growth rate for the organization (Majaro, 2013). Assessment and Selection: After shortlisting the available markets, the further assessment process will be conducted for selecting one of the best markets with an assumption of long run survival, from the growth perceptive, etc. Generally, this step is performed while organization launches any new product but this step is also feasible in the launching the new business or the existing business in the new market. As per this scenario, markets are assessed for Amcor Limited to expand its business functionalities in an international market and for now, Mexico is chosen as the preferred country to operate its business (Choi Yeniyurt, 2015). Reason to choose country There are a number of reasons available in the Mexican market which is responsible for the selection of the country: The market condition, as well as the size of the Mexican market, is quite favorable for businesses like Amcor Limited. Rules and the regulations in the Mexican market in relevance with the commercial operations as they are quite efficient in relation to other countries regulations. The quality of the packaging provided by the Amcor Limited helps them to stay unique from its competitors. The current population of the Mexico is equivalent to the 1.73% of the total population of the world and along with this figure of a population, they have a satisfactory GDP which provides the Mexican public the adequate power of purchase. Hence, chances of antimicrobial product packaging will be high in Mexico. Apart from the market barriers such as the unique legal system, numerous market drivers are present in the Mexico which helps the investors and the marketers to perform their business activities in the Mexico (Oh Contractor, 2014). Objectives Amcor Limited is involved in the packaging of the various products. For determination of risks and the opportunities in the international market, Amcor Limited has decided to move towards the Mexico in order to attain adequate objective and the goals for the organization. Expansion of the organization is conducted on the expectation of achieving growth and to set up its international image in the global market. Following are the objectives set up by the Amcor Limited in order to attain their target for setting up business in the international market: The product provided by Amcor Limited is the antimicrobial packaging. They provide this packaging for every type of products manufactured such as household items, perishable and non-perishable goods, etc. Apart from this, the specialty of their packaging is that it is chemical resistant and coating with the alcohol pads builds the packaging strong and reliable. In order to attain the adequate position in the Mexican market, the price of the antimicrobial packaging is set to the cheapest one. This will help them to gain the number of consumers and their objectives will also get fulfilled (Czinkota Czinkota, 2013). They have adopted various techniques to spread awareness in the Mexican market in relevance with their products. They have adopted the strategy of promotion and advertisement such as sponsorship, digital media platforms as well as the print media platforms (Sekaran Bougie, 2016). Development or adaptation of adequate competitive strategies is very necessary for Amcor Limited in order to develop a unique image in the competitive business environment. Visy Industries, Pact Group, and Sealed Air Australia are the primary competitors of the Amcor Limited through which consumers needs to perform various steps while choosing the adequate product for them (Demangeot, Broderick Craig, 2015). Amcor Limited uses the environmentally friendly material to produce their products, this becomes the major reason through which Amcor Limited's products become the bit costly in relevance to its competitor products. Despite being costly, Amcor Limiteds packaging provides the assurance of safety of products. SMART objectives of Amcor Limited The first aspect of SMART objective is the specific and significant goals, these goals help the organization to attain an effective position in the global market. Amcor Limiteds specific goals are to deliver adequate packaging to the manufacturers of Mexico in order to expand their business in the global market (Atzori, Iera Morabito, 2014). Amcor Limited has gained an adequate position in Australia and with this effect; they have decided to move towards the global market. Hence, their products are marked as global standard. The products provided by Amcor Limited have the enough capability to attain the effective market image in the global market and as per the analysis was done on the purchasing power of customers, and the market size of the Mexico helps the Amcor to attain the adequate position in global market (Eteokleous, Leonidou Katsikeas, 2016). The packaging provided by Amcor Limited is highly qualitative for preserving various types of products. Despite being the harsh market of Mexico in terms of rules and regulations, Amcor Limited has assumed the high demand for their products and this is due to the attainability of its products. The goals developed by the Amcor Limited are capable enough to create a distinctive image in the Mexican market. The major source through which the goals developed could be turned into the reality is the timely production of the packaging as well as the timely delivery of those products to the Mexican industries to provide them the great experience. This will develop the trust on the Amcor Limited by Mexican industrialists. Alternative Market entry strategy There are a number of market entry options available in the business. Market entry options for entering into a domestic market and in international market differ from each other. As per this scenario, Amcor Limited is traveling to Mexico with the view to expand its business and to increase its profitability. For entering the Mexican market, they need to evaluate all the available market entry options such as joint venture, partnership, direct exporting, etc. Following is the description of relevance with the market entry options available in the Mexican market for Amcor Limited: Alternative target market selection, positioning Direct Exporting: This is the source which is invented by the organization only through its own sources. Own sources may be contacts with friends, relatives, etc. in order to deal in the particular country through their help. In the scenario of Amcor Limited, they do not have any contacts in Mexico; hence this option will not be preferred one for them (Ang, Benischke Doh, 2015). Licensing: This is included in the foreign entry modes and this is a preferable option for most of the organization. Under this, an agreement is signed by the host country as well as the organization who is interested in performing the business activities in the particular country. The organization gets the right to secure their intangible assets such as patents, trademarks, techniques, etc. This is the official entry mode while expanding the business in the global market. The license is provided for a certain period of time and for executing their operations after that period, renewal of the license is must in order to avoid the glitch in the operations of the organization (Bond Saggi, 2014). Franchising: This type of business is quite famous in the food chain industry. Under this type of business, parent company (franchiser) provides their trademarks to the interested organization, who wants to operate their activities (franchisees) in return for royalties, or fees. For instance, Mc Donalds is an American fast food chain and they have various outlets across the globe and all they are operated on the basis of goodwill. This type of business is beneficial to the firm which has goodwill in the domestic as well as international market. The fees paid by the franchisees to the franchisor are for the goodwill only (Burton Cross, 2015). Amongst the available foreign entry modes, Amcor Limited should choose the licensing as their preferred option for entering into Mexican market for the purpose of trading. Apart from this, franchising type of business requires goodwill and brand image in the international market, whereas they have their goodwill in the Australia only. Hence, the best option for Amcor Limited will be the licensing and through this, they will get the rights to secure their trademarks, patents, etc. and along with these options, organization will get the certain period in order to set up their goodwill and to perform their business functions in order to achieve adequate goals and the objectives. Market Selection Process Under this method, an adequate market will be selected in order to conceive the factors of the organization. Mexico is selected amongst the number of countries available for the business expansion across the globe (Andersson Xiao, 2016). Alternative entry modes The most suitable market entry for the Amcor Limited in Mexico will be licensing whereas there are other market entry modes are also available such as direct exporting, franchising, joint venture, partnership, indirect exports, etc. Amongst them, the next suitable entry mode will be the joint venture and the partnership type of business. Whereas joint venture type of business will be operated for a certain period of time or say for a contract only while, partnership type of business could be operated till the time all the partners show their consent. Hence, Amcor Limited could choose the partnership type of business with the local organization of the Mexican market. This will help the Amcor to gain the goodwill on behalf of the local organization and apart from this, less investment, sharing of losses and risks will also be beard by both the partners. While conducting business activities through the sole proprietorship, all the losses, risks, etc. will be beard by single owner only (Johanson Mattsson, 2015). Positioning Strategy Positioning strategies are used to establish the product's or business' image in the new market conditions. As per the current scenario, Amcor Limited which provides unique packaging facilities to almost all types of industries has decided to expand their business in Mexico. Amongst the seven approaches of positioning strategies, products characteristics will be the most beneficial for Amcor Limited. Under this approach, products characteristics will be promoted in the new market conditions to establish their brand value. Along with the product characteristics, Amcor Limited could also choose the price-quality approach for the developing unique identity in the Mexican market (Solomon, 2014). Alternative Generic Strategies Generic strategies were invented by Michael Porter in 1985 and there are the three approaches for these strategies through which organization could gain some competitive advantage while setting up the business in international market. These approaches could be fitted in all types of industries irrelevant with the size of the business. Cost Leadership, Focus, and the Differentiation are the three approaches of generic strategies and the focus approach has been segregated in two parts i.e. cost focus as well as differentiation focus (Greckhamer Gur, 2015). Cost Leadership Strategy: Under this technique, an organization has two options i.e. increasing sales through reducing costs and increasing profits by reducing the selling price of the products and work at the reasonable rate of profit. These both options will provide the competitive advantage to the organization. Amcor Limited could adopt one of the strategies to compete with its competitors in the new market conditions as well as to build the market image. Adaptation of these approaches will help the organization to become the leader of the cost because with the changes in the price of the products done by one organization would influence the competitors to adopt the same change ( Banker, Mashruwala Tripathy, 2014). Differentiation Strategy: This approach requires amendments in the products or the services provided by the organization in order to make it different or unique from its competitors. As per the scenario of Amcor Limited, they can adopt this strategy in their workplace with the view to update or make the product unique from its competitors available in Mexico. This will help them to gain the competitive advantage as well as it will also help the organization to build the trust amongst the consumers towards the organization (Zehir, Can Karaboga, 2015). Focus Strategy: As per this strategy, an organization needs to concentrate on the specialty of the product, concentrating on the unique needs of the customers are also included in the focus strategy. As per the Michael Porter (1985), the adaptation of the focus strategy will help the manufacturer to build the customer oriented products which could fulfill their demands, as well as adequate satisfaction, could be obtained from the utilization of that product. In other words, the Amcor Limited needs to raise the packaging standard in order to fulfill the demands of the customers as well as the products provided to them needs to be valuable as per the price of the product (Angeloska-Dichovska Mirchevska, 2017). Market entry mode As per the scenario, it has been recommended that Amcor Limited needs to choose the licensing type of entry mode in terms of moving towards the international market. As per the market research analysis, Mexico has been finalized in terms of the expansion of their business hence; adaptation of the appropriate techniques is necessary in order to gain the adequate place in the Mexican market. Target Market The country has been chosen in order to expand the Amcor Limiteds business in international market. The major reason for choosing the market of Mexico is the attractive purchasing power of the consumers and the rapid increase in the GDP of Mexico enhance the chances for expanding the business for Amcor Limited. The main concern of Amcor Limited will be the manufacturing industries as they will be the major utilization of packaging offered by the Amcor Limited. Hence, it is recommended that Amcor Limited needs to consider towards the manufacturing industries. Positioning Strategy As per the scenario of Amcor Limited, they are seeking for the expansion of the business in the international market and for the same; it has been recommended to Amcor Limited that amongst the seven approaches of positioning strategy, utilising products characteristics and the pricing strategy will be most successful for them to establish the market position in the Mexico. Generic Strategy As per the situation of Amcor Limited and the generic strategies provided by Michael Porter (1985), the adaptation of the generic strategy will be done on the basis of SWOT analysis because it has three approaches i.e. focus, differentiation and the cost leadership. Till the time, an organization would not be able to gain the adequate knowledge in relevance with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the threats of the organization, adaptation of the appropriate strategy for making the unique identity of the organization will be the bit difficult task. Conclusion From the above analysis, it has been concluded that for the expansion in the international market, adequate marketing plan needs to be developed. This part is the addition to the assessment one and under this report, appropriate market entry option is evaluated in order to enter into the Mexican for the business expansion in the international market. First of all, market selection techniques were defined and additionally stages of the market selection were described for evaluating the most appropriate market that could be suitable for Mexican industry. The main concern for developing international marketing plan was to determine the scope of the Amcor Limiteds business in the global market. As they have already the huge brand image in the Australian market and taking this as an inspiration, organizational management decided to promote their business in the international market with the objective of attainment of the goals and the targets. Furthermore, alternative market entry options , generic entry modes, and the recommendation parts were discussed in order to make the international business more successful. References Akaka, M. A., Vargo, S. L., Lusch, R. F. (2013). The complexity of context: A service ecosystems approach for international marketing.Journal of Marketing Research,21(4), 1-20. Andersson, M., Xiao, J. (2016). 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