The Divided Line and The Allegory of the Cave free essay sample

?It is important to realize, when reading the allegory of the cave and of the line, that Plato means to depict not only four ways of thinking, but four ways of life. To use an example, imagine that a person in each of these stages were asked to say what courage is. The understanding of courage would differ widely from stage to stage. Working with a possible interpretation of the imagination stage, an individual’s notion of courage in this stage would appeal to images from culture. Such an individual might try to explain courage by saying something like, â€Å"Luke Skywalker seems really courageous, so that’s courage. An individual possessed of beliefs would also appeal to a particular example, but the example picked would be drawn from real life. There might be mention of the Marines or New York City firemen. Someone at the stage of thought, in contrast, will try to give a definition of courage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Divided Line and The Allegory of the Cave or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Perhaps they will give the definition offered by Socrates in Book IV: courage as the knowledge of what is to be feared and what is not to be feared. What separates the person speaking from thought from the person possessed of understanding is that the person speaking from thought cannot inform his views with knowledge of the Form of the Good. They are working with unproven hypotheses rather than the true first principle. Even if their definition is correct, it is left open to attack and objection because their grasp of the relevant concepts stops at a certain point. Speaking from understanding, someone giving a definition comprehends all the terms in the definition and can defend each one of them based on the first principle, the Form of the Good. Because the Form of the Good illuminates all understanding once it is grasped, knowledge is holistic. You need to understand everything to understand anything, and once you understanding anything you can proceed to an understanding of everything. All the forms are connected, and are comprehended together in the following way: you work your way up to the Form of the Good through thought until you grasp the Form of Good. Then, everything is illuminated. Since the stages in the cave are stages of life, it seems fair to say that Plato thought that we must all proceed through the lower stages in order to reach the higher stages. Everyone begins at the cognitive level of imagination. We each begin our lives deep within the cave, with our head and legs bound, and education is the struggle to move as far out of the cave as possible. Not everyone can make it all the way out, which is why some people are producers, some warriors, and some philosopher-kings. Given that the philosopher-kings have made it out of the cave, it might seem unfair that they are then forced back in. This is the worry that Socrates’s friends raise at the end of this section. Socrates has three lines of response to this concern. First, he reminds us again that our goal is not to make any one group especially happy, but rather to make the city as a whole as happy as possible. Second, he points out that the philosopher-kings are only able to enjoy the freedom above ground that they do because they were enabled by the education the city afforded them. They were molded to be philosopher-kings so that they could return to the cave and rule. They owe the city this form of gratitude and service. Finally, he adds that the philosophers will actually want to rule—in a backhanded way—because they will know that the city would be less just if they refrained from rule. Since they love the Forms, they will want to imitate the Forms by producing order and harmony in the city. They would be loathe to do anything that would subject the city to disorder and disharmony. Socrates ends by remarking that the reluctance of the philosopher to rule is one of his best qualifications for ruling. The only good ruler rules out of a sense of duty and obligation, rather than out of a desire for power and personal gain. The philosopher is the only type of person who could ever be in this position, because only he has subordinated lower drives toward honor and wealth to reason and the desire for truth.

Free Essays on Latin Women Pray Vs. Journey Of The Magi

â€Å"The Grumbling Believers† Religion is a very controversial issue in every race, time, and generation. Whether someone â€Å"believes† or not is always an issue in everyday life for many people. In â€Å"Latin Women Pray† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the writer is looking upon religious customs as a type of joke. Similarly in T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Journey of the Magi†, the speaker is grumbling about a trip that he once made. When comparing these two poems, one can notice a very distinct difference, yet both poems are negative towards religion. Both speakers of the poem had a bad or somewhat confusing confrontation with their religious beliefs and in the end are either confused or mad about the conclusion. How can someone be so grumpy about religion or God altogether? Maybe the speakers had a bad experience which drove them to believe this way or they could be struggling with some new found hope. Although both poems discuss religion, the tone, imagery, and purpose are very differe nt from each other. The tone in â€Å"Journey of the Magi† is a complaining yet determined one. The speaker of the poem is a man who took a journey to see the Christ child. He speaks well of the infant child he traveled very far to see, but he seems somewhat hesitant to say that it was an overall good experience. The speaker tells of all the negative things that happened during his trip. He tells of the grumbling camel men, his sore feet, and the bad weather. He never mentions the pretty views or the Christ child in a positive way. The only mention of the child is â€Å"-feet kicking in empty wine-skins.† It seems that the speaker harbors some sort of bitterness. On the other hand, in the third stanza he admits, â€Å"I would do it again†. Meaning that he would make the terrible journey that he so roughly speaks about again, just to see the infant. Similarly the tone in â€Å"Latin Women Pray† is negative also. The speaker, which I gathered to... Free Essays on Latin Women Pray Vs. Journey Of The Magi Free Essays on Latin Women Pray Vs. Journey Of The Magi â€Å"The Grumbling Believers† Religion is a very controversial issue in every race, time, and generation. Whether someone â€Å"believes† or not is always an issue in everyday life for many people. In â€Å"Latin Women Pray† by Judith Ortiz Cofer, the writer is looking upon religious customs as a type of joke. Similarly in T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Journey of the Magi†, the speaker is grumbling about a trip that he once made. When comparing these two poems, one can notice a very distinct difference, yet both poems are negative towards religion. Both speakers of the poem had a bad or somewhat confusing confrontation with their religious beliefs and in the end are either confused or mad about the conclusion. How can someone be so grumpy about religion or God altogether? Maybe the speakers had a bad experience which drove them to believe this way or they could be struggling with some new found hope. Although both poems discuss religion, the tone, imagery, and purpose are very differe nt from each other. The tone in â€Å"Journey of the Magi† is a complaining yet determined one. The speaker of the poem is a man who took a journey to see the Christ child. He speaks well of the infant child he traveled very far to see, but he seems somewhat hesitant to say that it was an overall good experience. The speaker tells of all the negative things that happened during his trip. He tells of the grumbling camel men, his sore feet, and the bad weather. He never mentions the pretty views or the Christ child in a positive way. The only mention of the child is â€Å"-feet kicking in empty wine-skins.† It seems that the speaker harbors some sort of bitterness. On the other hand, in the third stanza he admits, â€Å"I would do it again†. Meaning that he would make the terrible journey that he so roughly speaks about again, just to see the infant. Similarly the tone in â€Å"Latin Women Pray† is negative also. The speaker, which I gathered to...

The Role of IBM in the History of Computers

The Role of IBM in the History of Computers This chapter in the History of Modern Computers finally brings us to a famous name most of you will have heard of. IBM stands for International Business Machines, the largest computer company in the world today. IBM has been responsible for numerous inventions having to do with computers. IBM - Background The company incorporated in 1911, starting as a major producer of punch card tabulating machines. During the 1930s, IBM built a series of calculators (the 600s) based on their punch-card processing equipment. In 1944, IBM co-funded the Mark 1 computer together with Harvard University, the Mark 1 was the first machine to compute long calculations automatically. The IBM 701 - General Purpose Computer The year 1953 saw the development of IBMs 701 EDPM, which, according to IBM, was the first commercially successful general-purpose computer. The 701s invention was due in part to the Korean War effort. Inventor, Thomas Johnson Watson Junior wanted to contribute what he called a defense calculator to aid in the United Nations policing of Korea. One obstacle he had to overcome was in convincing his father, Thomas Johnson Watson Senior (IBMs CEO) that the new computer would not harm IBMs profitable punch card processing business. The 701s were incompatible with IBMs punched card processing equipment, a big moneymaker for IBM. Only nineteen 701s were manufactured (the machine could be rented for $15,000 per month). The first 701 went to IBMs world headquarters in New York. Three went to atomic research laboratories. Eight went to aircraft companies. Three went to other research facilities. Two went to government agencies, including the first use of a computer by the United States Department of Defense. Two went to the navy and the last machine went to the United States Weather Bureau in early 1955. Features of the 701 The 1953 built 701 had electrostatic storage tube memory, used magnetic tape to store information, and had binary, fixed-point, single address hardware. The speed of the 701 computers was limited by the speed of its memory; the processing units in the machines were about 10 times faster than the core memory. The 701 also led to the development of the programming language FORTRAN. The IBM 704 In 1956, a significant upgrade to the 701 appeared. The IBM 704 was considered an early supercomputer and the first machine to incorporate floating-point hardware. The 704 used magnetic core memory that was faster and more reliable than the magnetic drum storage found in the 701. The IBM 7090 Also part of the 700 series, the IBM 7090 was the first commercial transistorized computer. Built in 1960, the 7090 computer was the fastest computer in the world. IBM dominated the mainframe and minicomputer market for the next two decades with its 700 series. The IBM 650 After releasing the 700 series, IBM built the 650 EDPM, a computer compatible with its earlier 600 calculator series. The 650 used the same card processing peripherals as the earlier calculators, starting the trend for loyal customers to upgrade. The 650s were IBMs first mass-produced computers (universities were offered a 60% discount). The IBM PC In 1981, IBM created its first personal home-use computer called the IBM PC, another milestone in computer history.

MARKETING COMUNICATION- INTERNAL MARKETING COMMUNICATION Essay

MARKETING COMUNICATION- INTERNAL MARKETING COMMUNICATION - Essay Example In order to be productive, the vision of employees must be in sync with the company’s vision and goals. Internal marketing communication is an effort by the top management to win employees support in their marketing strategy which in turn results in greater employee effectiveness. Internal marketing is based on the philosophy that employees are the internal customers of an organization and hence, it is necessary to promote the firm, its policies, mission, vision, products and strategies to the employees of the firm. Employees and business partners are called internal customers because they interact within the organization in order to generate long term value to the company. In order to be effective, a firm must accurately segment the internal customers (employees) according to their own buying behaviour. Employees can be divided into three segments: supporters (who support the internal strategy), neutral ( who neither support, nor oppose the strategy) and opposers ( who outrig ht refuse to or are against the strategy). Internal marketing communication aims to identify all the three segments of employees within an organization and then target all the three segments effectively in order to achieve a corporate culture comprising of empowered employees, equitable reward and recognition system and an overall good organizational structure that promotes learning, total quality management and business re-engineering. Internal marketing communication also plays a role in the three P’s of marketing strategy, push, pull and profile. The most important role played by internal communication is to decide upon which strategy to use for the company. Ans. Internal marketing communication plays a key role in internal marketing by communicating internal information within all departments in order to achieve organizational objectives. It aims to achieve the following purposes in an organization: It creates

HOSTILITY TOWARDS EASTERN EUROPEAN (EE) IMMIGRANTS IN THE UK FROM Essay

HOSTILITY TOWARDS EASTERN EUROPEAN (EE) IMMIGRANTS IN THE UK FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES - Essay Example Seventy percent of the increase in these ten years is attributed to immigration. About half of the foreigners come from Eastern Europe with Romania and Bulgaria having the highest number (Autonomous Nonprofit Organization, 2013). In the year 2012, reports published by Migration Watch showed about 80,000 people have been crossing the UK borders annually in search of better employment opportunities (Doyle & Chapman, 2014). This is a population which is roughly the size of the Borough of Tower of Hamlets. Immigrants continue to queue at the airports to get access into the country. Based on these trends and numbers, it is anticipated that more people, including those without work permits, will flock the country. Riley-Smith (2013) says that majority of these individuals are attracted by the prospects of getting better pay than what they used to get in their motherland. A foreigner working in the UK is able to get about four or five times what they were earning in their countries even at the minimum UK wage (Robila, 2013). Some stakeholders have raised the concern as people coming from Eastern Europe have lower employment rates in Britain. A clear look at the unemployment data reveals that this is an over magnified phenomenon. It is true that some foreigners find it had getting jobs in the UK (Riley-Smith, 2013). However most of them are those who lack work permits or are in the country illegally. According to Portes (2013), some UK leaders have called for the eventual restriction of ability of migrants moving to the country. Such stands are influenced by the mounting fear that the increase in the number of foreigners is limiting employment opportunities for the British citizens. This is a valid stand when one looks at the employment statistics of the skilled workers coming to the UK from East Europe. Majority of the immigrants are young and active than the average British

Explain Each of the Terms Essay Example for Free

Explain Each of the Terms Essay Explain Each of the Terms: Speech, Language, Communication and Speech Language and Communication Needs. Explain each of the terms speech, language, communication, speech, language and communication needs. EYMP5 (1. 1) The dictionary explanation of speech is â€Å"The expression of or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds† or â€Å"A persons style of speaking† To speak is to physically be able to produce the individual sounds and sound patterns of our language, or articulate, to be able to produce speech with appropriate rhythm, and free of stuttering behaviour, and to produce speech with an appropriate vocal quality for age and sex. While speech involves the physical motor ability to talk, language is a symbolic, rule governed system used to convey a message. In English, the symbols can be words, either spoken or written. We also have gestural symbols, like shrugging our shoulders to indicate â€Å"I don’t know† or waving to indicate â€Å"Bye Bye† or the raising of our eye brows to show that we are surprised by something. Language can be defined as being made up of socially shared rules that include the following: †¢What words mean (e. g. , â€Å"star† can refer to a bright object in the night sky or a celebrity) †¢How to make new words (e. g. , friend, friendly, unfriendly) †¢How to put words together (e. g. , â€Å"Peg walked to the new store† rather than â€Å"Peg walk store new†) What word combinations are best in what situations (â€Å"Would you mind moving your foot? could quickly change to â€Å"Get off my foot, please! † if the first request did not produce results) You can have language without having speech. Though speech and language are related, you do not have to have speech to have a language. How? The best example of this is the use of Sign Language. Communication is the process of conveying a message or meaning to establish a shared understanding to others. You don’t need speech or a shared language to communicate. How? Let’s say you decide on a trip to Rome, but you don’t speak one word of Italian. You get off your plane, and you want to pick up your [continues]

Crime and Punishment as a Polyphonic Novel :: Crime Punishment Essays

The term 'polyphony' was introduced into literary theory by Mikhail Bakhtin in his à Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ » à ¯Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ½Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ªÃƒ ¨ Äà ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ £Ãƒ ®. The polyphonic novel is dialogic rather than monologic; this means that multiple voices can be heard, and each voice represents an alternative version of 'the truth'. (NB. The use of dialogue as a formal device does not make a novel polyphonic in the Bakhtinian sense; genuine polyphony entails a sense of ambivalence, a situation where the different voices compete with one another and represent alternative viewpoints between which the reader cannot make a straightforward choice.) In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov is the main focalizer: his point of view is adopted by the third-person narrator almost throughout (exceptions include a small number of episodes involving Svidrigaylov, and the relatively impersonal first chapter of the the Epilogue). The reader is thus allowed access into Raskolnikov's inner world, and although third-person narration is used, the novel as a whole comes close to being the central character's interior monologue. Nevertheless, there is also a strong tendency towards dialogue. This has several manifestations: (1) Actual dialogues between characters are of central importance in shaping not only the events but also Raskolnikov's mental processes; in relation to Raskolnikov, the other characters with their distinctive voices all represent alternative truths and alternative points of view. The other characters, and their ideas and values, are perceived through the prism of Raskolnikov's consciousness: their voices echo in his mind, and he reacts to the ideas put forward by these external voices, often entering into a mental dialogue with them. (2) Raskolnikov also conducts an endless dialogue with himself (frequently addressing himself in the second person); the voice of his shrewd intellect alternates with the voice of conscience, and a lucid understanding of his situation coexists with unaccountable (even contradictory) emotional reactions. (3) The reader also has access to Raskolnikov's subconscious mind (the voice of the subconscious) in the context of his nightmarish visions (see especially chapters I:5 and III:6) In all, Raskolnikov's mind becomes a battlefield where a number of different internal and external voices (representing different ideas and world-views, or different facets of Raskolnikov's personality) keep vying for supremacy.

Married Women On Condom Use Health And Social Care Essay

This survey aims to research perceptual experience and attitude of married adult females on rubber usage to forestall HIV & A ; AIDS, and to understand how this perceptual experience and attitudes influence rubber usage pattern among married adult females. However, there are some restrictions of this survey. The restriction of this survey is on the range of country, figure of respondent who interviewed and besides in term of the limited clip to carry on the survey. Therefore, the consequence and decisions must be considered as preliminary findings.5.1. DecisionSpecific decisions of this survey are as follows: This survey finds that HIV & A ; AIDS cognition on married adult females is low. The low HIV cognition is caused by limited entree of married adult females on HIV & A ; AIDS information, so they merely get the HIV information from telecasting particularly intelligence and some documentaries, such as soap opera, which is the quality of the information, is sometimes inaccurate. The determination from this survey shows that married adult females have low hazard perceptual experience because they belief that they do n't make something in hazard, or they said they belief their hubby, so they non make pattern safer sex ( condom usage ) . This low perceptual experience is caused by low cognition of HIV and ne'er sees people who have HIV make married adult females feel that HIV is happened in â€Å" other † people, non in them. This survey finds that rubber cognition on married adult females is low. Percept that rubber is something absurd is one of the manner married adult females show that rubber is something unusual and unfamiliar for them. The other misperception is for married adult females, rubber is indistinguishable with contraceptive method, even though rubber usage in FSW, and they still think it related to forestall gestation. In add-on, from one of focal point group treatment in low instruction and immature married adult females, they raised the sentiment that another sort of contraceptive method method besides has the similar map as rubber to forestall HIV & A ; AIDS transmittal. The determination from this survey shows that the high degree of instruction, more likely to hold self efficaciousness that affect the manner of communicating, they feel more confident to discourse with the partner about gender, include communicating about HIV and rubber usage. While the respondent from low degree instruction told that for them, discourse about rubber to conserve is forbidden. However, in term of rubber usage, they can negociate to conserve, but the concluding determination is depend on the hubby, and in the degree of attitude this survey found some married adult females agree to utilize rubber for double protection, but when one ask about their purpose to utilize rubber, they said the have no purpose at all to utilize rubber because hubby do n't wish to utilize rubber. This statement make clear that in the twosome relationship particularly matrimony, hubby is have a strong influence on determination doing procedure related rubber usage. This related to sentiment of married adult females that work forces is a family leader, and married adult females have belief that the good married woman is who follow what hubby want. This survey found that no 1 usage rubber to forestall HIV & A ; AIDS. Even though they who have possible high hazard, cipher usage rubber to forestall HIV & A ; AIDS. The ground of non utilizing rubbers is varied, that is they feel non at hazard so no demand to utilize rubber to forestall HIV & A ; AIDS, hubby do n't desire to utilize rubber, rubber usage struggle with the desire to reproduction, rubber can do some practical job, rubber interrupt sexual activity. However, married adult females raised some ground or state of affairs they will be agree to utilize rubber, when they can non utilize another sort of prophylactic method except rubber, or in the state of affairs they do non utilize any other prophylactic methods ( for illustration: after giving birth ) , when they perceived a demand of protection from the disease, and for funny reasoned.5.2 Recommendations5.2.1 Policy RecommendationsBased on the findings, cognition on HIV/AIDS on married adult females is remains low, it is r elated to limited entree of married adult females on HIV & A ; AIDS information. The Ministry of Health, HIV/AIDS Commission and NGOs should beef up runs or circulating information and cognition on HIV/AIDS through telecasting, wireless, cyberspace or web site, newspaper, and magazine to increase married adult females ‘s cognition. The findings revealed that married adult females cognition of rubber is really low, this taking to misperception about rubber. Almost of married adult females identify rubber as prophylactic method, non in the disease bar country. The Ministry of Health, HIV/AIDS Commission and NGOs should beef up runs or circulating information and cognition on rubber usage through telecasting, wireless, cyberspace or web site, newspaper, and magazine to increase adult females ‘s cognition. The determination shows work forces have a large part on determination doing procedure on rubber usage in all features of married adult females. The Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, AIDS Commission and National Family Planning and Population Board should beef up promote information, instruction and communicating and behavior alteration communicating plans which target high hazard adult male which can assist them increase their cognition about safe sex including STIs and HIV/AIDS. And besides adult females ‘s authorization plans are really of import to better their ability to pass on with their hubbies on sexual behaviour and safe sex. Therefore, the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection, NGOs ( Non-Governmental Organizations ) and societal groups should carry on adult females ‘s empowerment plans. The determination shows that perceived hazard of HIV & A ; AIDS among married adult females is low, and no 1 in this survey utilizing rubber even have purpose to utilize rubber to forestall HIV & A ; AIDS. The Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, AIDS Commission and National Family Planning and Population Board should beef up promote information, instruction and communicating and behavior alteration communicating plans which target married adult females which can assist them increase their cognition about safe sex including HIV/AIDS, particularly foregrounding the exposure of adult females who get HIV infection from promiscuous spouses which can promote them to hold safe sexual behaviour. It can promote and advance gender equity and generative wellness rights.5.2.2 Recommendations for Further ResearchsResearch on status, cognition, perceptual experience, attitude, and behaviour on the married adult females is still limited, particularly among high hazard adult male ‘s reg ular spouses whose hazard perceptual experience is low but whose hazard is related to the behaviour of their hubby. Including rubber usage as one of HIV & A ; AIDS bar methods will finish the image in turn toing married adult females ‘s job and demands sing their sexual behaviour. Future research has to analyze and turn to affectional and contextual issues in disease spread and bar in context of matrimony, including household wellness and cultural facet of gender and power, in the attempts to hold the spread of HIV infection.

Careers in law are open to all and the legal profession is sufficiently diverse. Discuss.

Introduction As a minority group, women have traditionally remained underrepresented within the legal profession. Whilst careers in law may, theoretically, be open to all, the reality is that due to the physiological make-up, maternalistic nature and historical suppression of women in society they have struggled to break entry into the traditionally male-dominated and elitist profession. This essay will argue that although efforts have and are continuing to be made to make a career in the law accessible for women, one could argue that the profession cannot yet be deemed sufficiently diverse as challenges continue to face women who elect to work with this profession. This essay will begin by summarising the history of the position of women in society, move to look to the challenges that face women and employers and finally, summarise steps that can be taken in an effort to eliminate such restraints. Women have fought a long battle against subordination. As late as the twentieth century, in England and Wales, women remained legally subordinate to men. In other cultures, this position remains in practice today. In England and Wales, coverture referred to the rights of women being subsumed by those of her husband through common law marriage. This legal doctrine left women without an identity and gave her husband control of her, her property and the custody of her children. Marital rape was not outlawed until R v R came before the House of Lords in 1992. Society saw women merely as objects of their husbands. It was not acceptable for women to study medicine or law or to engage in politics. Liberal ideals were quashed by the belief that women were irrational, temperamentally unfit to deal with such subjects and their place was in the home being a subservient wife and maternal parent. During the war effort, in particular, women proved that they were capable of holding down important r oles within the workforce and society more generally, and were seen as rational and intelligent in their thinking as their male counterparts. Women were granted suffrage in 1928 through the Equal Franchise Act and have since broken down the barriers into almost all professions. Despite, in theory, women having the ability to do everything a man can do, challenges remain that make it difficult to suggest that men and women are truly equal. Both society and the legal profession now support women embarking on careers within the industry. By 2008-9, 60% of all new admissions to the Roll were women and 52% of those called to the Bar in the same year were women. The Bar society indicated that in 2009, 34% of barristers were women. These figures demonstrate that women now make up over a third of all barristers, however, barristers are usually well educated and often from high socioeconomic standing, so this figure does not fully represent whether the legal profession is diverse for the average woman. Statistical evidence also proves that women still struggle to be appointed to the highest positions within the legal profession. Few women are promoted to Queen’s Counsel and the first woman to sit within the House of Lords was only appointed to this position in 2003. Women are traditionally paid lower than men. The Equal Pay Act 1970 has attempted to solve the disparity between the male and female pay gap, however, it is not uncommon for a case of this nature to arise. Recently, an employee sued her employer, Lewis Silkin, on the grounds that she was being paid lower than a male counterpart. Arguments suggest that due to the more emotional, sensitive and maternalistic nature of women in comparison to men, often women opt to specialise in different areas of law, such as family or personal injury law rather than male dominated specialisms, such as corporate or banking law. Family and personal injury law are also often less high-profile and do not hinge on lucrative deals so the specialisms are often not as well paid. To dismiss a woman for falling pregnant and wanting maternity leave is unfair dismissal. Pregnancy does, however, play an important role in this debate. Most employers would assume that a young woman will take a break to have a baby in the future and the fact that having a child is traditionally less disruptive to the work life of a man, it makes the male counterpart a cheaper and safer option in the long-term. A break in work is seen as disruptive and employers need to fill that position during the maternity leave, effectively causing the employer to pay twice for the same job to be completed. In a time when employers are facing tough economic times, having reliable staff that do not have to be replaced for extended durations appears, on face value, to be commercially viable option. Furthermore, there is a concern for the employer that childcare issues may cause disruption and lost working hours when the employee does return. Legal professionals who are self-employed, such as barris ters, can find the transition far more difficult in terms of covering their living costs and retaining clients during maternity leave and the stress of a new baby when they later return to work. In 2004, the Bar Council published policies that cover the issues of maternity, paternity and flexible working hours in an attempt to balance family life and legal practice. To actively reflect this aim, the policy has increased the time a barrister’s seat may be open rent free with Chamber’s expenses from three months to one year. In Heard and another v Sinclair Roche and Temperley (a firm) and others, it was ruled that the firm had unlawfully discriminated on the grounds of family status and combined with unlawful sex discrimination, constituted unfair treatment. This claim arose when the firm failed to promote or progress the individual. The firm had a total of 36 partners and only 6 were women. This case suggested that women are also less likely to be appointed to managerial positions, particularly if the dominating power is male. Other arguments suggest that women are more emotional than men and office politics are more present. Webley suggests that women struggle to progress in the profession for a variety of reasons including masculine office culture, the pressure of working long hours and high billing targets and dissatisfaction with commodification’s effect on work quality. In terms of the legal profession, lawyers represent the legal position of their client and to do so, must relate well and truly understand the situation of their client. If all lawyers were men, one could question whether women in society could ever be adequately represented by the legal profession. There is an argument to say that there is as much a place for women in the profession as men, as women solve problems in a different way, can be more compassionate and can balance an all-male work environment. Parliament has made attempts to allow greater access to the legal profession to minority groups by enacting legislation such as the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990. The main purpose of this enactment was to reform the legal profession after the findings of the Benson Commission in the 1970s. To the judiciary, in particular, important changes were made to appointments and pensions and significant changes were implemented towards the organisation and regulation of the legal profession. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 later recommended that an independent body should be created to deal with the appointment of judges, which came after criticism from the Law Society regarding the old system. Such legislative and societal support towards the accessibility and diversity of the legal profession should instil a hopefulness into affected women that the profession is moving in the right direction. There have been several attempts by the profession itself to promote and encourage accessibi lity and diversity. The PRIME initiative saw 23 UK and Irish law firms come together to form a ground-breaking initiative to increase social mobility through a wide ranging work experience scheme. Whilst this initiative focused more on socioeconomic status rather than gender, the results suggest that real opportunities within the legal profession have been offered to those who are otherwise unlikely to have been given the opportunity. In conclusion, the legal profession is not yet sufficiently diverse. Both historical and contemporary statistics prove a bias towards men due to the maternalistic nature of women. Statistics demonstrate a trend that the profession is moving in the right direction in terms of equality, diversity and accessibility for women, however, the battle for truly equal treatment, rights and pay for both genders is an ongoing issue within the legal profession, as it is in society generally. Historically, women were refrained from having an identity and practicing within the legal profession because they were considered irrational and incapable. Whilst that perception has clearly disappeared, which is a positive shift, women still face challenges due to the physiological differences between men and women. These differences will never change and unless there is a shift in the mentality of employers’, these are likely to be challenges that remain for the duration. One could argue that the ba ttle between equality and diversity within the legal profession and commercial viability for business owners will never truly resolve. Bibliography Deborah, L. ‘Title of the article’ [2001] Women and the Legal Profession 156 Fredman, S. ‘Discrimination Law’ (New York, United States: Oxford University Press Inc, 2001) Leighton, P. ‘Discrimination and the Law’ (Camp Road, London: Short Run Press, 2004) Macdonald, L. ‘Equality, Diversity and Discrimination’ (Camp Road, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2004) McColgan, A. ‘Discrimination Law’ (North, America: Hart Publishing Co, 2nd edn., 2005). Roach Anleu, S. ‘Law and Social Change’ (City Road, London: Sage Publication Limited, 2000) Sargeant, M. ‘Discrimination Law’ (Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited, 2004) Sommerland, H., Webley, D., Duff, L., Muzio, D., Tomlinson, J. ‘Diversity in the Legal Profession in England and Wales: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Individual Choices’ Suddards, H. ‘Sex and Race Discrimination’ (Camp Road, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2nd edn., 2002) Webley, L., Duff, L. ‘Women Solicitors as a Barometer for Problems within the Legal Profession: Time to Put Values before Profits?’ (2007) 34 Journal of Law and Society 374 Wilkins, D. ‘Rollin’ on the River: Race, Elite Schools, and the Equality Paradox’ (2000) 25 Law and Social Inquiry 527 Cases Heard and another v Sinclair Roche and Temperley (a firm) and others [2004] All ER (D) 432 (Jul) R v R [1992] 1 A.C. 599 Legislation Constitutional Reform Act 2005 Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 Equal Franchise Act 1928 Equal Pay Act 1970

Why videos go viral Essays - Viral Videos, YouTube Videos

Why videos go viral Essays - Viral Videos, YouTube Videos Why videos go viral Kevin Allocca Social media This TED Talk explains how videos go viral, and why it matters. First of all Kevin Allocca started saying that when he was young, being popular was a hard thing to accomplish, but now you can get it easily, by 3 different factors: tastemakers, communities in participation and unexpectedness; he presented some data showed that every minute in YouTube, 48 hours of video are uploaded, and just a tiny percent of it get millions of views. After this he showed a video of filmed by a man that showed a double rainbow in the camp, became very popular, since it got 23 million views, after that he showed a graph about the views that the video had and was perceptible that the video got viral months after being published. It happened because Jimmy Kimmel tweeted this video. This was the first factor, the Tastemaker, the ones who introduce new and interesting things to a larger audience. Then he played another video called Friday, sang by Rebecca Black, this video was played two hundred million ti mes; again showed more data but now about this video, this time some tastemakers posted the video accelerating the process, making it very popular, that it had its own parodies, he showed that every day of the week had its own song. This was the second factor, community participation, which means spreading it and doing something new with it. Then he played a video called the Nyan Cat, which was just an animated cat with a pink cookie and a rainbow with a funny song. It was viewed nearly five hundred million times, then he told the crowd that if they thought that was weird, there was a three hour version of the video and was viewed 4 million times. Then showed a video of a cat watching this video, and another video of a cat watching the Nyan Cat video, and emphasized that the important there, was the creativity, the showed some versions of the Nyan Cat such as the old version, then showed the international ones representing Japan, such as the Japanese, French, Mexican Russian and the American version. He pointed also that now we dont just enjoy but participate, and again showed a video but now of a girl playing the Nyan Cat in violin. And this was the last factor, unexpectedness, those vids that are truly unique, and unexpected. He shared that one of his friends told him to watch a video about a guy protesting bicycles finds in New York City, in his videos he accidentally fell, and then started to fall on his other videos to make them viral. Getting 5 million views. To conclude he said that this approach held for anything new that we do creatively and so it brings us to a big question, What does it mean?. To conclude he said that tastemakers create participating communities complete unexpectedness are characteristics in a new kind of media and culture where anyone has access and the audience defines the popularity and used as example to Justin Bieber, because he got famous starting on youtube, and said that this are not old media and it will define the entertai nment of the future. I chose this Ted Talk because is very interesting for me, and now in the technology era, I think is important to know more about media. This talk gave more understanding of how we interact with technology, because showing graphs and personal experiences made it easy and fun to get it. Also this ted talk showed that today besides all bad things happening there are people in the world that one to share their happiness. This video affected the way I watched simple viral videos and understand how it got viral and how I cooperated to make it happen. Even this talk was about three years ago these three factor are true.

Brunelleschi And Ghiberti In Early Rennaissance Essay

, Research Paper The competition panels by Brunelleschi and Ghiberti were made in Early Rennaissance. They were two of the seven plants that competed for the series of doors for the Florentine Baptistery. The topic for the competition doors was the narrative of how the religion of the patriarch Abraham was tested by God, who asked him to give his lone boy, Isaac. Abraham took Isaac into the forests to give, accompanied by two retainers and a donkey. Just as Abraham sacrificed Isaac, God, convinced about Abrahams religion, sent a random-access memory by an angel who told him the forfeit of the random-access memory is adequate. The competition panels picturize this minute. They have differences and similarities in footings of Aristotle? s theories andterms. I think foremost they need to be examined through causality. The stuff cause, the natural stuff used, for both plants are the same, bronze. The efficient cause are the creative persons themselves. There are differences in footings of formal cause, that is the design layout by the artist. In the way the panels are made, Brunelleschi?s panel is made up of parts individually shaped and brought together. Ghiberti made the panel as one piece. The way the story is picturized is also different. Brunelleshi?s figures have daring poses, the movement of Abraham and the pose of Isaac are far from being balanced and harmonical. Abraham and Isaac and the other elements have a tension in the way that they are placed and shaped. The drapery and the figures are broken and sharp, again, far from natural. Ghiberti?s figures are more natural and gentle in their poses and movements. The boy?s head looking up towards the god accepting death, Abraham?s movement with knife more natural, the knife not touching, no tension. The angel and other elements also look natural in the way they interact with other elements and their individual poses. The final cause would be the same fot both panels, to tell the story of Sacrifice of Isaac on the door panels usin g bronze.

Transformational Leadership style Research Paper

Transformational Leadership style - Research Paper Example People love working for businesses where they feel motivated and greatly inspired. A transformational leader is always inspiring, energetic, enthusiastic and passionate person who can influence the followers to change their perceptions, expectations and ultimately motivate them to work towards a common goal. This article analyses some of the transformational leadership styles evident in Starbucks’ CEO Howard Schultz. Schultz has learnt the art of transformational leadership which has really steered his business to a higher level in the recent past. According to Schultz, leadership is more than just winning or becoming triumphant but it is a continuation process which involves a number of people working towards achieving a common goal. He thinks that celebrating everyone in a company is a vital thing regardless of the position held in the business. Schultz further things that shared success is very important and that businesses requires team spirit that is highly inspired. Schu ltz believes that business itself is a team that requires highly motivated team spirit to catapult it to success. Inspiring employees is one thing that Howard believes in as it motivates them to share the company’s common goal (Bussing-Burks 76-83). ... The company gives modest paychecks, healthcare packages and stock options to her employees as a way of motivating them. He feels that by offering such kind of benefits that also involve career counseling ties the employees into the business and further creates the sense of belonging. Schultz believes that people are motivated to work even harder because they are part of the results of the company (Burke, Graeme and Cooper 183-185). Additionally, the Starbuck CEO treats his employees as one family thus prompting them to give their all to the company. Treating workforce like a family is a tool of maintaining loyalty amongst employees thus reducing even turnover rate. The warm and family treatment initiated by Schultz is one of the reasons most customers also remain loyal to the retail company due to hospitable treatment by employees. The culture is so much engrained in the company that the company does not call their workforce employees but as partners. He further provides training, le arning and some acknowledgment packages such as coffee education and learning to lead as a way of building confidence amongst the partners and boosting degree of attachment (Strauss 162-163). Schultz also gives hear to his partners’ needs and continuously consulting them and carefully receiving feedback relating to the company’s vision. He takes his time to communicate with employees via phone calls or sending emails enquiring about feedbacks of what the organization offers as well as seeking advice. What Starbuck CEO has successfully done is to communicate his vision so well that it sticks in the mind of all the partners as well as asking for their feedbacks and understanding of the vision (Cassidy & Kreitner 30-31). He further passionately